keskiviikko 27. syyskuuta 2017

Marshall-apu / Marshall Plan / Comecon Bloc

Sodan jälkeen eurooppalaiset kaupungit olivat raunioina, tarvitaan sähköä, puhelin
ja vesi, mukaan lukien myös käytännöllinen vedenpoisto ja ennen kaikkea kadun kunnostus, koska myös liikenteen on toimittava hyvin Katujen ja vesijohtojen työntekijät tarvitsevat helposti siirrettäviä koneita jotka voivat työskennellä kapealla sekä ahtaalla alueella tai suljetuissa tiloissa tehokkaasti.

Onneksi hydrauliikka tuli apuun, ja kömpelöt, hitaat vaijeri-kaivinkoneet jotka olivat kuoma-auto asennettu, korvattiin pian hydraulisilla kuormaus nostureilla ja kaivureilla 


After the war, European cities were in ruins, needed electricity, telephone and water, including also workable drainage, and above all the streets renovation, because also traffic must work well. The roads and water pipelines workers needs easily move machines which can work in cramped area, or confined spaces efficiently. 

Fortunately, hydraulics came to the aid, and clumsy, slow rollers excavators, which were fitted with a bucket, were soon replaced by hydraulic loading cranes and hydraulic excavators

                             

                           


                                                                 Clark C1 and Jeep towing
Clark C1 Full hydraulic (airborne) bulldozer
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Marshall-apu, Marshall-suunnitelma tai Euroopan palautumisohjelma oli Yhdysvaltain ensisijainen ohjelma Euroopan jälleenrakentamiseksi toisen maailmansodan jälkeen.

Ohjelma oli Yhdysvaltain ulkoministerin kenraali George C. Marshallin idea. 
Suomi kieltäytyi sille tarjotusta Marshall-avusta koska neuvostoliitto painostus

Tšekkoslovakia, Puola ja Unkari olisivat halunneet ottaa Marshall-avun vastaan, mutta Neuvostoliiton painostuksesta kieltäytyivät. 
Espanjalle Marshall-apua ei tarjottu Francon hallinnon vuoksi.

Marshall-apu  /  Marshall Plan  /  Comecon

The Marshall Aid, the Marshall Plan, or the European Recovery Program was the United States' primary program for the reconstruction of Europe after the Second World War.
The program was the idea of General George C. Marshall, US Secretary of State.

Finland refused to takeit Marshall assistance because Soviet Union makes pressures.

Reasons and because: From 1941 until 1944, Finland aligned itself with Nazi Germany in a failed effort to regain lost territories from the Soviets. 
Finland retained its independence following the war but remained subject to Soviet-imposed constraints in its domestic affairs.
Czechoslovakia, Poland, and Hungary would have wanted to take Marshall, but they are under to Soviet Union controls, who makes lot pressures these countries
Marshall assistance to Spain, was not provided, reasons for Franco recimes.
Country1948/49
($ millions)
1949/50
($ millions)
1950/51
($ millions)
Cumulative
($ millions)
 Austria23216670468
 Belgium and  Luxembourg195222360777
 Denmark10387195385
 France10856915202296
 West Germany5104385001448
 Greece17515645376
 Iceland6221543
 Ireland88450133
 Italy and  Trieste5944052051204
 Netherlands4713023551128
 Norway8290200372
 Portugal007070
 Sweden3948260347
  Switzerland00250250
 Turkey285950137
 United Kingdom131692110603297
Totals4,9243,6524,15512,731
Aiheeseen liittyvä kuvaThe Marshall Plan, just as GARIOA, consisted of aid both in the form of grants and in the form of loans. Out of the total, 1.2 billion USD were loan-aid.

Ireland which received 146.2 million USD through the Marshall Plan, received 128.2 million USD as loans, and the remaining 18 million USD as grants. By 1969 the Irish Marshall Plan debt, which was still being repaid, amounted to 31 million pounds, out of a total Irish foreign debt of 50 million pounds.

The UK received 385 million USD of its Marshall Plan aid in the form of loans. Unconnected to the Marshall Plan the UK also received direct loans from the US amounting to 4.6 billion USD. The proportion of Marshall Plan loans versus Marshall Plan grants was roughly 15% to 85% for both the UK and France.
                           
Kuvahaun tulos haulle European ruins cleaning after ww2

Helpommin koneilla, kuin käsityönä / Easier on machines, than by handwork

                             Kuvahaun tulos haulle European ruins cleaning after ww2

                                      Kuvahaun tulos haulle European reconstruction after ww2

                             Aiheeseen liittyvä kuva

Germany, which up until the 1953 Debt agreement had to work on the assumption that all the Marshall Plan aid was to be repaid, spent its funds very carefully. Payment for Marshall Plan goods, "counterpart funds", were administered by the Reconstruction Credit Institute, which used the funds for loans inside Germany. 
                             Kuvahaun tulos haulle European reconstruction after ww2

                             Kuvahaun tulos haulle European reconstruction after ww2

                             Kuvahaun tulos haulle soviet reconstruction after ww2

In the 1953 Debt agreement the amount of Marshall plan aid that Germany was to repay was reduced to less than 1 billion USD. This made the proportion of loans versus grants to Germany similar to that of France and the UK. 
                         
The final German loan repayment was made in 1971. Since Germany chose to repay the aid debt out of the German Federal budget, leaving the German ERP fund intact, the fund was able to continue its reconstruction work. 

By 1996 it had accumulated a value of 23 billion Deutsche Mark.
---------------------------------
                             Kuvahaun tulos haulle European reconstruction after ww2

                             Kuvahaun tulos haulle European reconstruction after ww2
The USSR did establish COMECON as a riposte to the Marshall Plan to deliver aid for Eastern Bloc countries, but this was complicated by the Soviet efforts to manage their own recovery from the war. The members of Comecon looked to the Soviet Union for oil; in turn, they provided machinery, equipment, agricultural goods, industrial goods, and consumer goods to the Soviet Union. 

Economic recovery in the East was much slower than in the West, resulting in the formation of the shortage economies and a gap in wealth between East and West. Finland, which USSR forbade to join the Marshall Plan and which was required to give large reparations to the USSR, saw its economy recover to pre-war levels in 1947.

France, which received billions of dollars through the Marshall Plan, similarly saw its average income per person return to almost pre-war level by 1949.  

By mid-1948 industrial production in Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria, and Czechoslovakia had recovered to a level somewhat above pre-war level.
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While the western portion of the Soviet Union had been as badly affected as any part of the world by the war, the eastern portion of the country was largely untouched and had seen a rapid industrialization during the war. 

The Soviets also imposed large reparations payments on the Axis allies that were in its sphere of influence. Austria, Finland, Hungary, Romania, and especially East Germany were forced to pay vast sums and ship large amounts of supplies to the USSR. 

These reparation payments meant the Soviet Union itself received about the same as 16 European countries received in total from Marshall Plan aid.
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In accordance with the agreements with the USSR, shipment of dismantled German industrial installations from the west began on March 31, 1946. Under the terms of the agreement the Soviet Union would in return ship raw materials such as food and timber to the western zones. 

In view of the Soviet failure to do so, the western zones halted the shipments east, ostensibly on a temporary basis, although they were never resumed. It was later shown that the main reason for halting shipments east was not the behavior of the USSR but rather the recalcitrant behavior of France.

Examples of material received by the USSR were equipment from the Kugel-Fischer ballbearing plant at Schweinfurt, the Daimler-Benz underground aircraft-engine plant at Obrigheim, the Deschimag shipyards at Bremen-Weser, and the Gendorf powerplant.

tiistai 26. syyskuuta 2017

IH yumbo

What is a Yumbo? This was a French Company (SICAM) that IH bought controlling interest (52%) in July 1970 so they could get into the hydraulic excavator business. It consisted of two manufacturing facilities and the machine was called a Yumbo after a local town. 

The plant at Genas sets on 57.5 acres with 122,000 square feet of manufacturing and assembly floor space under roof with 284 employees and the primary product is the 3980 excavator. It had an excavation assembly, welding of attachments, pipe bending, supporting machining, and prototype manufacturing. The other plant is located in the town of Chauffailies about 75 miles northeast of Yumbo. 

                         
           USA, IH Yumbo H25, with Poclain made and Poclain chassis
                   
                         Aiheeseen liittyvä kuva
                                     IH Yumbo H25 

This is the oldest Yumbo manufacturing facility, it comprises five buildings divided by a public road. This plant is located on 6.3 acres and contains 127,000 square feet of manufacturing and assembly floor space under roof. 

This plant employs 290 people and production consists of welding and machining of platforms, booms, lift areas and the superstructure in support of the operations at Genas. The primary product for this plant is the larger excavators. 
Each plant produced about 4 hydraulic excavators a day of different sizes.
                         Kuvahaun tulos haulle IH yumbo
                              IH Yumbo SICAM Frame and chassis
                         
International Harvester earthmoving machines line was favority in the 60's and 70's. 

(International Harvester = McCorming and Deering agricultural company)

They also made backhoes 3000 series and Payloader series rubber tire loaders, small and large dozers, and Drott series track loaders and self loading scrapers  
Repairs are minimals, servicability was good and operator comfort was good.
These IH name was very favorite, from many agricultural Harvester highlifts.
                         

         

The International Harvester Company (abbreviated first IHC and later IH) (now known as Navistar International Corporation) was a United States manufacturer of agricultural machinery, construction equipment, trucks, and household and commercial products.

In 1902, J.P. Morgan merged the McCormick Harvesting Machine Company and Deering Harvester Company, along with three smaller agricultural equipment firms, to form International Harvester. 

In 1985, International Harvester sold off most of its agricultural division to Tenneco, Inc., which merged it into its subsidiary J.I. Case under the Case IH brand. Following the terms of IH's agreement with Tenneco, International Harvester renamed itself Navistar International Corporation in 1986.

maanantai 25. syyskuuta 2017

Bruneri "Yumbo" S25

The Yumbo Company a French Firm was formed around 1954, based on worldwide patent rights of a hydraulic excavator design. Initial production was a truck mounted excavator called the S25. In 1948, a wheeled prototype of the excavator was developed by Carlo and Mario Bruneri of Italy. 

This was the first fully hydraulic excavator and Yumbo or SICAM 
(Society de Industrial Construction of Mechanical Hydraulic Appliances)
bought the patent rights in 1954. 
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Some say the Gradall of 1941 was the first hydraulic excavator built in Ohio. 
This was built a little different than the Yumbo with a boom that moved in and out. It was also mounted on a truck. A lot of highway departments used them
The first self propelled hydraulic excavator the model H24 was developed in 1956.
                     Kuvahaun tulos haulle early gradall
These are simple truth
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This was a rubber tired machine. In 1957 Yumbo brought out the biggest hydraulic excavator in existence at the time, the model Y500 (19Ton). 

This machine was mounted on tracks. In 1962 the Genos plant was built. The model Y45 (crawler machine) and the model H45 (rubber tired under carriage) were introduced in the French market.  Text by www.nationalihcollectors.com/.../Yumbo_Hydraulic

                       Kuvahaun tulos haulle yumbo excavators
                                                Bruneri                                            



Bruneri "Jumbo"


Bruneri S 35, on tracks
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France Poclain TY 45 
Kuvahaun tulos haulle yumbo sicam
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Kuvahaun tulos haulle yumbo sicam

                                                             Poclain Yumbo S25
Poclain Yumbo S25
                            
                                                          Poclain Yumbo S25

Poclain Yumbo S25

Pruneri Jumbo S25

Kuvahaun tulos haulle yumbo S 25
SICAM made Jumbo S25 

                                               International IH Yumbo S 25 - SICAM license
                                                    International IH Yumbo S 25 France license
International IH Yumbo S25  France license

Originally, the Shikamu (SICAM) brand, 
which is are manufacturer of construction machinery, made in France.

This are made first Japanese, Shin Mitsubishi Heavy Industries corporation.
(Later: Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.) is a technology introduced to production and sales in Japan, this name is already widely used in Japan.
It is currently used as a synonym for hydraulic excavator in the industry
Today Mitsubishi exavator belong Caterpillar company